Best- & Worst-Run Cities in America

Adam McCann, Financial WriterJun 22, 2021

Adam McCann, Financial Writer
Jun 22, 2021

This year has been a true test of the effectiveness of local leadership, as city leaders have had to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, including enforcing restrictions and helping to facilitate the distribution of the vaccine. As new COVID-19 cases continue to drop, these leaders will be responsible for helping the transition back to normalcy go as smoothly as possible.

Even when the U.S. isn’t in a time of crisis, running a city is a tall order. The larger the city, the more complex it becomes to manage. In addition to representing the residents, local leaders must balance the public’s diverse interests with the city’s limited resources. That often means not everyone’s needs can or will be met. Leaders must carefully consider which services are most essential, which agencies’ budgets to cut or boost and whether and how much to raise taxes, among other decisions.

But how do we measure the effectiveness of local leadership? One way is by determining a city’s operating efficiency. In other words, we can learn how well city officials manage and spend public funds by comparing the quality of services residents receive against the city’s total budget.

Using that approach, WalletHub compared the operating efficiency of 150 of the largest U.S. cities to reveal which among them are managed best. We constructed a “Quality of Services” score made up of 38 metrics grouped into six service categories, which we then measured against the city’s per-capita budget.

Table of Contents

Main Findings

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Best-Run Cities in America

Overall Rank (1=Best)	City	‘Quality of City Services’ Rank	‘Total Budget per Capita’ Rank
1	Nampa, ID	23	1
2	Boise, ID	4	3
3	Fort Wayne, IN	63	2
4	Nashua, NH	5	9
5	Lexington-Fayette, KY	44	6
6	Lincoln, NE	8	19
7	Durham, NC	25	11
8	Rapid City, SD	81	4
9	Las Cruces, NM	65	5
10	Virginia Beach, VA	2	36
11	Raleigh, NC	11	29
12	Missoula, MT	67	12
13	Oklahoma City, OK	88	8
14	Manchester, NH	29	20
15	Provo, UT	3	38
16	Sioux Falls, SD	31	21
17	Billings, MT	86	13
18	Madison, WI	6	42
19	Chesapeake, VA	17	34
20	Huntington Beach, CA	1	55
21	Louisville, KY	80	17
22	Greensboro, NC	57	23
23	Arlington, TX	28	31
24	Salem, OR	54	26
25	Mesa, AZ	58	25
26	Bismarck, ND	12	48
27	Charleston, SC	15	44
28	Columbus, GA	95	16
29	Cedar Rapids, IA	34	39
30	Warwick, RI	26	43
31	Albuquerque, NM	127	10
32	Tucson, AZ	111	14
33	Warren, MI	74	28
34	Huntington, WV	114	15
35	Aurora, IL	51	37
36	Phoenix, AZ	65	35
37	Grand Rapids, MI	33	47
38	Lewiston, ME	85	30
39	Tulsa, OK	110	22
40	Topeka, KS	76	40
41	Reno, NV	43	49
42	Worcester, MA	48	52
43	St. Petersburg, FL	42	54
44	Mobile, AL	96	32
45	Fort Worth, TX	56	53
46	El Paso, TX	64	50
47	Wichita, KS	124	24
48	Portland, ME	21	69
49	Corpus Christi, TX	99	41
50	Colorado Springs, CO	78	51
51	Baton Rouge, LA	129	27
52	Las Vegas, NV	49	61
53	Aurora, CO	79	56
54	Gary, IN	141	18
55	Fairbanks, AK	102	45
56	Des Moines, IA	53	62
57	Eugene, OR	38	71
58	Fort Smith, AR	123	33
59	Rutland, VT	59	67
60	Fargo, ND	35	79
61	Spokane, WA	60	68
62	San Diego, CA	7	97
63	Santa Ana, CA	39	81
64	Jackson, MS	148	7
65	Omaha, NE	27	86
66	Little Rock, AR	122	46
67	Hialeah, FL	55	78
68	Indianapolis, IN	93	60
69	Portland, OR	19	95
70	Boston, MA	14	100
71	Akron, OH	97	65
72	Montgomery, AL	119	58
73	Garland, TX	52	89
74	Salt Lake City, UT	16	106
75	Anchorage, AK	83	82
76	Tallahassee, FL	73	85
77	Fremont, CA	13	113
78	Houston, TX	100	73
79	Jacksonville, FL	109	70
80	Frederick, MD	22	108
81	Dayton, OH	101	74
82	Austin, TX	10	117
83	Columbia, SC	103	76
84	Dover, DE	120	64
85	Springfield, MA	121	63
86	Miami, FL	50	96
87	Casper, WY	104	80
88	Tampa, FL	40	101
89	Providence, RI	116	72
90	San Antonio, TX	47	103
91	St. Paul, MN	45	104
92	Columbus, OH	82	92
93	New Orleans, LA	136	57
94	San Jose, CA	20	121
95	Dallas, TX	89	93
96	Burlington, VT	32	114
97	Norfolk, VA	107	88
98	Charleston, WV	128	77
99	Bridgeport, CT	117	83
100	Richmond, VA	87	98
101	Kansas City, MO	112	91
102	Anaheim, CA	69	111
103	Cincinnati, OH	72	112
104	Fort Lauderdale, FL	41	120
105	Charlotte, NC	24	126
106	Toledo, OH	142	66
107	Orlando, FL	61	118
108	Bakersfield, CA	130	86
109	Shreveport, LA	147	59
110	Milwaukee, WI	126	90
111	Nashville, TN	105	105
112	Lubbock, TX	118	101
113	Knoxville, TN	46	130
114	Seattle, WA	9	140
115	Minneapolis, MN	37	133
116	Modesto, CA	108	109
117	Stockton, CA	145	75
118	Birmingham, AL	132	94
119	Syracuse, NY	84	123
120	Sacramento, CA	92	122
121	Pittsburgh, PA	68	129
122	Buffalo, NY	91	125
123	Riverside, CA	90	127
124	Atlanta, GA	77	132
125	Wilmington, DE	113	119
126	Fresno, CA	133	107
127	Long Beach, CA	62	139
128	Baltimore, MD	135	110
129	Cheyenne, WY	98	135
130	Denver, CO	71	141
131	Kansas City, KS	138	116
132	St. Louis, MO	149	84
133	Memphis, TN	143	115
134	Los Angeles, CA	75	143
135	New Haven, CT	137	124
136	Yonkers, NY	70	144
137	Philadelphia, PA	134	128
138	Rochester, NY	115	138
139	Tacoma, WA	106	142
140	Hartford, CT	144	131
141	Chicago, IL	140	136
142	Cleveland, OH	139	137
143	Flint, MI	146	134
144	Oakland, CA	94	147
145	Detroit, MI	150	99
146	Gulfport, MS	125	145
147	Chattanooga, TN	131	146
148	New York, NY	36	148
149	San Francisco, CA	18	149
150	Washington, DC	30	150

artwork 2021 best worst run cities

Detailed Breakdown by City

Quality of City Services* (Score)	City	Financial Stability	Education	Health	Safety	Economy	Infrastructure & Pollution
1 (69.70)	Huntington Beach, CA	64	1	6	10	50	118
2 (69.50)	Virginia Beach, VA	7	4	61	5	32	77
3 (67.44)	Provo, UT	21	144	53	2	5	30
4 (67.15)	Boise, ID	37	29	21	8	2	65
5 (66.67)	Nashua, NH	40	42	25	4	13	37
6 (65.61)	Madison, WI	11	61	14	14	46	85
7 (65.57)	San Diego, CA	74	7	10	24	72	25
8 (65.52)	Lincoln, NE	14	48	13	27	18	66
9 (64.93)	Seattle, WA	27	9	24	59	12	26
10 (64.86)	Austin, TX	48	13	17	61	4	42
11 (64.84)	Raleigh, NC	15	71	46	13	10	70
12 (64.29)	Bismarck, ND	22	108	8	18	19	61
13 (64.26)	Fremont, CA	101	2	12	16	37	129
14 (63.92)	Boston, MA	4	147	20	11	103	4
15 (63.01)	Charleston, SC	10	47	63	81	11	22
16 (62.80)	Salt Lake City, UT	28	133	56	89	1	5
17 (62.75)	Chesapeake, VA	2	11	90	25	40	131
18 (62.40)	San Francisco, CA	41	14	2	93	73	39
19 (62.14)	Portland, OR	19	35	66	91	48	3
20 (62.11)	San Jose, CA	56	17	3	40	55	126
21 (62.03)	Portland, ME	30	99	36	21	33	48
22 (61.97)	Frederick, MD	35	3	95	31	105	60
23 (61.30)	Nampa, ID	70	83	59	22	3	91
24 (60.21)	Charlotte, NC	17	74	42	71	8	107
25 (60.20)	Durham, NC	3	67	39	74	14	130
26 (60.03)	Warwick, RI	102	51	15	3	49	121
27 (59.95)	Omaha, NE	75	44	28	50	22	59
28 (59.64)	Arlington, TX	52	12	48	47	43	128
29 (59.63)	Manchester, NH	90	103	23	34	42	12
30 (59.09)	Washington, DC	41	73	37	68	123	2
31 (59.01)	Sioux Falls, SD	54	37	104	46	17	80
32 (58.93)	Burlington, VT	95	129	1	12	114	44
33 (58.76)	Grand Rapids, MI	65	68	79	29	87	33
34 (58.70)	Cedar Rapids, IA	24	69	43	33	120	102
35 (58.69)	Fargo, ND	87	105	38	30	27	46
36 (58.55)	New York, NY	103	40	18	7	145	16
37 (58.24)	Minneapolis, MN	53	136	34	70	57	6
38 (58.24)	Eugene, OR	20	88	60	80	96	13
39 (58.00)	Santa Ana, CA	98	27	5	23	86	138
40 (57.95)	Tampa, FL	72	55	100	60	16	47
41 (57.74)	Fort Lauderdale, FL	36	91	33	110	45	10
42 (57.59)	St. Petersburg, FL	91	92	65	79	6	40
43 (57.50)	Reno, NV	115	34	58	36	7	96
44 (57.50)	Lexington-Fayette, KY	58	32	76	43	56	120
45 (57.31)	St. Paul, MN	51	138	85	38	64	27
46 (57.29)	Knoxville, TN	23	24	121	115	30	18
47 (57.28)	San Antonio, TX	29	36	70	98	61	72
48 (57.25)	Worcester, MA	88	82	27	26	125	43
49 (56.78)	Las Vegas, NV	85	66	77	56	104	11
50 (56.66)	Miami, FL	108	8	29	86	133	8
51 (56.54)	Aurora, IL	131	25	74	6	115	100
52 (56.50)	Garland, TX	112	20	52	35	29	140
53 (56.39)	Des Moines, IA	59	112	51	65	83	36
54 (56.25)	Salem, OR	57	79	96	87	44	28
55 (56.04)	Hialeah, FL	135	5	40	28	131	97
56 (56.00)	Fort Worth, TX	105	50	30	42	38	132
57 (55.96)	Greensboro, NC	6	23	134	97	77	116
58 (55.91)	Mesa, AZ	62	80	94	37	24	141
59 (55.79)	Rutland, VT	16	125	54	9	92	49
60 (55.78)	Spokane, WA	60	19	97	96	80	64
61 (55.71)	Orlando, FL	80	26	47	118	69	35
62 (55.57)	Long Beach, CA	121	6	45	44	117	111
63 (55.52)	Fort Wayne, IN	46	58	112	48	28	137
64 (55.34)	El Paso, TX	110	16	80	20	97	119
65 (55.34)	Phoenix, AZ	34	94	91	85	39	88
65 (55.34)	Las Cruces, NM	44	72	31	100	102	93
67 (55.25)	Missoula, MT	106	49	41	54	66	81
68 (55.10)	Pittsburgh, PA	124	21	86	32	116	34
69 (55.09)	Anaheim, CA	136	39	4	19	108	117
70 (54.96)	Yonkers, NY	138	70	11	1	136	90
71 (54.94)	Denver, CO	41	140	75	78	41	75
72 (54.87)	Cincinnati, OH	78	59	122	75	88	19
73 (54.75)	Tallahassee, FL	84	18	109	102	90	20
74 (54.33)	Warren, MI	66	106	117	15	74	56
75 (54.14)	Los Angeles, CA	93	78	55	57	122	71
76 (54.09)	Topeka, KS	97	81	68	103	26	55
77 (53.97)	Atlanta, GA	80	104	83	119	31	21
78 (53.84)	Colorado Springs, CO	71	54	129	67	15	125
79 (53.76)	Aurora, CO	39	110	82	58	58	142
80 (53.75)	Louisville, KY	31	113	81	105	59	99
81 (53.50)	Rapid City, SD	86	85	99	72	21	144
82 (53.13)	Columbus, OH	82	139	101	52	62	73
83 (53.07)	Anchorage, AK	77	56	26	107	60	67
84 (52.96)	Syracuse, NY	113	102	49	51	137	7
85 (52.90)	Lewiston, ME	89	146	123	45	20	69
86 (52.89)	Billings, MT	50	90	133	95	36	108
87 (52.63)	Richmond, VA	33	145	115	49	129	38
88 (52.58)	Oklahoma City, OK	8	64	145	99	34	148
89 (52.50)	Dallas, TX	133	38	32	83	65	79
90 (52.42)	Riverside, CA	122	63	19	76	35	145
91 (52.30)	Buffalo, NY	116	97	57	55	139	14
92 (52.14)	Sacramento, CA	117	89	44	90	70	74
93 (51.34)	Indianapolis, IN	12	122	139	129	63	92
94 (51.03)	Oakland, CA	67	75	9	139	118	123
95 (50.92)	Columbus, GA	45	45	150	104	52	31
96 (50.88)	Mobile, AL	55	76	108	135	78	45
97 (50.79)	Akron, OH	94	100	103	64	121	98
98 (50.72)	Cheyenne, WY	9	115	89	82	25	124
99 (50.63)	Corpus Christi, TX	76	30	105	123	110	103
100 (50.38)	Houston, TX	114	41	64	117	113	83
101 (50.35)	Dayton, OH	63	98	135	106	119	29
102 (50.30)	Fairbanks, AK	13	134	16	88	91	101
103 (50.24)	Columbia, SC	47	142	71	131	75	63
104 (50.23)	Casper, WY	1	143	69	41	94	122
105 (50.14)	Nashville, TN	103	120	92	134	9	57
106 (50.02)	Tacoma, WA	100	46	119	109	81	104
107 (49.53)	Norfolk, VA	68	135	132	66	111	110
108 (49.36)	Modesto, CA	120	84	62	114	82	94
109 (49.32)	Jacksonville, FL	125	31	140	116	23	54
110 (49.24)	Tulsa, OK	26	77	143	125	51	139
111 (49.18)	Tucson, AZ	96	117	87	101	109	109
112 (48.96)	Kansas City, MO	107	60	72	137	53	112
113 (48.75)	Wilmington, DE	73	65	84	142	126	53
114 (48.55)	Huntington, WV	5	62	118	120	99	41
115 (48.53)	Rochester, NY	126	114	127	53	138	1
116 (48.24)	Providence, RI	141	128	35	39	124	51
117 (47.98)	Bridgeport, CT	143	107	7	17	150	78
118 (47.93)	Lubbock, TX	69	33	93	144	68	147
119 (47.72)	Montgomery, AL	109	93	128	111	71	95
120 (47.68)	Dover, DE	83	10	110	141	140	105
121 (47.28)	Springfield, MA	119	132	102	77	142	9
122 (47.23)	Little Rock, AR	25	95	98	148	93	86
123 (46.60)	Fort Smith, AR	139	22	126	127	47	76
124 (46.55)	Wichita, KS	79	131	113	132	79	127
125 (46.12)	Gulfport, MS	127	15	138	112	107	135
126 (45.97)	Milwaukee, WI	130	111	116	94	128	84
127 (45.97)	Albuquerque, NM	92	126	67	147	100	58
128 (45.93)	Charleston, WV	123	43	141	113	76	114
129 (45.65)	Baton Rouge, LA	49	118	125	140	112	133
130 (45.52)	Bakersfield, CA	111	57	120	122	95	149
131 (45.48)	Chattanooga, TN	99	53	106	143	67	52
132 (44.47)	Birmingham, AL	118	28	114	146	89	89
133 (44.19)	Fresno, CA	142	52	78	108	85	146
134 (43.36)	Philadelphia, PA	134	148	136	62	144	50
135 (42.96)	Baltimore, MD	38	149	149	130	134	68
136 (42.93)	New Orleans, LA	132	116	107	136	141	23
137 (42.59)	New Haven, CT	144	124	50	92	147	32
138 (42.02)	Kansas City, KS	147	137	111	124	54	115
139 (41.98)	Cleveland, OH	129	127	137	128	130	87
140 (41.83)	Chicago, IL	150	87	88	63	132	24
141 (41.28)	Gary, IN	32	119	130	73	146	134
142 (41.13)	Toledo, OH	128	150	146	84	127	106
143 (40.98)	Memphis, TN	61	109	144	149	98	136
144 (40.02)	Hartford, CT	148	123	22	69	149	17
145 (40.02)	Stockton, CA	137	101	73	145	84	150
146 (39.33)	Flint, MI	18	141	124	121	148	62
147 (39.04)	Shreveport, LA	140	86	142	126	135	82
148 (34.66)	Jackson, MS	146	96	131	138	106	143
149 (34.37)	St. Louis, MO	145	121	148	150	101	15
150 (30.13)	Detroit, MI	149	130	147	133	143	113

*No. 1 = Best-Run
With the exception of “Quality of City Services” score, all of the columns in the table above depict the relative rank of that city, where a rank of 1 represents the best conditions for that metric category.

Ask the Experts

A well-run city isn’t just the product of efficient budgeting or lots of resources. It is the fruit of countless other decisions, too. For more insight into why some cities perform better than others, we turned to a panel of local-government, economic and diversity experts. Click on the panelists’ profiles to read their bios and thoughts on the following key questions:

In your opinion, what are the most important issues facing U.S. cities today?
Why are some cities better run than others?
What can citizens do to increase the transparency and accountability of local government?
Are some forms of city government — a strong mayor versus a strong city council, for instance — more effective than others?
What are the most useful resources offered to citizens by local governments during the pandemic?
In evaluating how well a city is run, what are the top five indicators?
Some cities were more affected by the pandemic than others. What are some predictions for how cities will be different in the pandemic aftermath?
What can be learned from cities' responses to the COVID-19 crisis? What, in your opinion, are the areas that need improvement?
How can local policymakers reduce racial tensions in the wake of recent movements?

Ask the Experts

: Kendra B. Stewart
Ph.D. – Professor of Political Science and Public Administration and Director of the Joseph P. Riley, Jr. Center for Livable Communities – College of Charleston
Read More

: Gary L. Rose
Ph.D. – Professor and Chair, Department of Government – Sacred Heart University
Read More

: John Winters
Associate Professor of Economics, Iowa State University
Read More

: Martha Cruz Zuniga
Ph.D. – Associate Clinical Professor of Economics; Chair, Department of Economics – The Catholic University of America
Read More

: Robert Eyler
Ph.D. – Associate Vice President, Government and Regional Relations – Sonoma State University
Read More

Methodology

In order to determine the best- and worst-run cities in America, WalletHub compared 150 of the most populated cities across six key categories: 1) Financial Stability, 2) Education, 3) Health, 4) Safety, 5) Economy and 6) Infrastructure & Pollution.

We evaluated those dimensions using 38 relevant metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the highest quality of service.

Next, we calculated an overall “Quality of City Services” score for each city based on its weighted average across all the metrics. Finally, for each city, we divided the Quality of City Services score by the “Total Budget per Capita” (dollar amount) in order to construct a “Score per Dollar Spent” index — displayed as “Overall Rank” in the Main Findings table above — which we then used to rank-order the cities in our sample.

The metrics used do not create a disadvantage for DC, despite its unusual status as a city/state, with the exception of the Outstanding Long-Term Debt per Capita metric. However, even with that metric removed, DC still ranks last. Thus, the District was included in this report.

Financial Stability – Total Points: 16.67

Moody’s City Credit Rating: Quadruple Weight (~13.33 Points)
Outstanding Long-Term Debt per Capita: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)

Education – Total Points: 16.67

K–12 School-System Quality: Double Weight (~11.11 Points)
Note: This metric measures the share of public schools rated by GreatSchools.org with above average score.
High School Graduation Rate: Full Weight (~5.56 Points)

Health – Total Points: 16.67

Infant Mortality Rate: Quadruple Weight (~4.76 Points)
Average Life Expectancy (in Years): Quadruple Weight (~4.76 Points)
Hospital Beds per Capita: Full Weight (~1.19 Points)
Quality of Public Hospital System: Full Weight (~1.19 Points)
Note: This metric is based on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ ranking of public hospital systems.
Average Daily COVID-19 Deaths in the Past Week per Capita: Double Weight (~2.38 Points)
Average Daily COVID-19 Cases in the Past Week per Capita: Double Weight (~2.38 Points)

Safety – Total Points: 16.67

Violent Crime Rate: Quadruple Weight (~4.76 Points)
Property Crime Rate: Quadruple Weight (~4.76 Points)
Motor Vehicle Fatalities per Capita: Quadruple Weight (~4.76 Points)
Share of Sheltered Homeless Persons: Full Weight (~1.19 Points)
Perception of Safety (Safety walking alone during daylight/night): Full Weight (~1.19 Points)
Note: These data are based on perceptions of visitors of numbeo.com website in the past 3 years.
If the value is 0, it means it is perceived as very low, and if the value is 100, it means it is perceived as very high.

Economy – Total Points: 16.67

Unemployment Rate: Triple Weight (~3.13 Points)
Underemployment Rate: Full Weight (~1.04 Points)
Median Annual Household Income (Adjusted for Cost of Living): Double Weight (~2.08 Points)
Median Annual Income Growth Rate: Double Weight (~2.08 Points)
Note: Growth compares the income level in 2019 versus in 2018.
Annual Job Growth Rate (Adjusted for Population Growth): Double Weight (~2.08 Points)
Note: Growth compares the number of employed civilian population in 2021 versus in 2020.
Share of Population Living in Poverty: Double Weight (~2.08 Points)
Growth in Number of Businesses: Full Weight (~1.04 Points)
Note: Growth compares the number of businesses in 2019 versus in 2018.
Change in Housing Prices: Full Weight (~1.04 Points)
Note: Change compares the price in 2020 versus in 2013.
Zillow Home Value 1-year Forecast: Full Weight (~1.04 Points)
Note: The Zillow Home Value Forecast is Zillow's prediction of what the Zillow Home Value Index will be one year from now.
Building-Permit Growth: Full Weight (~1.04 Points)
Note: Growth spans 2017 to 2019.

Infrastructure & Pollution – Total Points: 16.67

Quality of Roads: Quadruple Weight (~3.03 Points)
Note: This metric measures the share of pavements in poor condition.
Average Commute Time (in Minutes): Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Transit Access Shed: Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Note: “Transit Access Shed” is the total area of land that is easily accessible from any point via public transportation.
Traffic Congestion: Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Walk Score: Triple Weight (~2.27 Points)
Note: “Walk Score” measures pedestrian friendliness by analyzing population density and road metrics such as block length and intersection density.
Bike Score: Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Note: “Bike Score” measures whether an area is good for biking. The Bike Score is calculated by measuring bike infrastructure (lanes, trails, etc.), hills, destinations and road connectivity, and the number of bike commuters.
Transit Score: Half Weight (~0.38 Points)
Note: “Transit Score” is a patented measure of how well a location is served by public transit.
Recreation-Friendliness: Quadruple Weight (~3.03 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “Best & Worst Cities for Recreation” ranking.
Share of Residents with Access to Internet: Half Weight (~0.38 Points)
Water Quality: Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Air Pollution: Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Greenhouse-Gas Emissions per Capita: Full Weight (~0.76 Points)
Share of Parkland: Triple Weight (~2.27 Points)

Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Council for Community and Economic Research, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Moody's Investors Service, GreatSchools.org, County Health Rankings, Health Resources and Services Administration, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Chmura Economics & Analytics, Zillow, The Road Information Program, Center for Neighborhood Technology, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Walk Score, The Trust for Public Land, INRIX, U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, Numbeo, The New York Times and WalletHub research.

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Questions & Answers (14 questions)

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What is the population cut off to be included in the survey?

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Where does Richmond CA rank?

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