Growing up can be hard. Without a stable home, positive role models and tools for success, many young Americans fall behind their peers and experience a rocky transition to adulthood. Unfortunately, 12.6% of individuals between the ages of 16 and 24 are neither working nor attending school. Others suffer from poor health conditions that hinder their ability to develop physically or socially.
Such issues not only affect young people later in life, but they also prove harmful to society as a whole. For instance, at least 70% of young adults today are ineligible to join the U.S. military because they fail academic, moral or health qualifications. In addition, research shows that when youth grow up in environments with economic problems and a lack of role models, they’re more at risk for poverty, early pregnancy and violence, especially in adulthood. The environment is even more difficult for these young Americans in 2022, with soaring inflation and other economic difficulties, in addition to the continued presence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
To determine the places where young Americans are not faring as well as others in the same age group, WalletHub compared the 50 states and the District of Columbia across 16 key indicators of youth risk. Our data set ranges from the share of disconnected youth to the labor force participation rate among youth to the youth poverty rate.
Main Findings
States with the Most Idle Youth
| Overall Rank* | State | Total Score | Education & Employment | Health |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Louisiana | 76.21 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Mississippi | 71.97 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Alabama | 66.29 | 6 | 4 |
| 4 | West Virginia | 65.57 | 5 | 12 |
| 5 | Wyoming | 63.60 | 13 | 2 |
| 6 | Arkansas | 63.54 | 7 | 10 |
| 7 | South Carolina | 62.81 | 9 | 11 |
| 8 | Oklahoma | 60.20 | 11 | 16 |
| 9 | Kentucky | 58.60 | 15 | 9 |
| 10 | District of Columbia | 58.21 | 3 | 34 |
| 11 | Alaska | 56.41 | 8 | 32 |
| 12 | Nevada | 56.13 | 10 | 24 |
| 13 | Tennessee | 55.32 | 24 | 3 |
| 14 | Montana | 54.36 | 19 | 6 |
| 15 | Idaho | 54.20 | 18 | 8 |
| 16 | South Dakota | 53.90 | 12 | 31 |
| 17 | Georgia | 53.80 | 14 | 22 |
| 18 | New Mexico | 53.30 | 4 | 45 |
| 19 | Indiana | 51.98 | 23 | 13 |
| 20 | Missouri | 51.75 | 22 | 14 |
| 21 | Texas | 50.29 | 16 | 26 |
| 22 | Oregon | 49.37 | 17 | 29 |
| 23 | Ohio | 48.89 | 31 | 15 |
| 24 | Michigan | 48.64 | 27 | 19 |
| 25 | Arizona | 47.41 | 20 | 28 |
| 26 | North Carolina | 46.94 | 26 | 21 |
| 27 | Kansas | 44.80 | 37 | 18 |
| 28 | North Dakota | 44.61 | 42 | 7 |
| 29 | Wisconsin | 44.19 | 39 | 17 |
| 30 | Florida | 43.39 | 21 | 37 |
| 31 | Colorado | 42.33 | 29 | 33 |
| 32 | Illinois | 42.20 | 35 | 23 |
| 33 | Iowa | 41.71 | 40 | 20 |
| 34 | Nebraska | 41.48 | 34 | 30 |
| 35 | California | 40.01 | 25 | 43 |
| 36 | Delaware | 39.45 | 30 | 41 |
| 37 | Washington | 38.74 | 33 | 39 |
| 38 | Pennsylvania | 37.33 | 36 | 38 |
| 39 | New York | 37.32 | 28 | 48 |
| 40 | Utah | 36.42 | 38 | 36 |
| 41 | Maine | 33.36 | 43 | 40 |
| 42 | Minnesota | 32.08 | 46 | 35 |
| 43 | Hawaii | 31.52 | 32 | 51 |
| 44 | Virginia | 31.29 | 45 | 42 |
| 45 | Vermont | 31.18 | 48 | 25 |
| 46 | Rhode Island | 30.25 | 44 | 44 |
| 47 | Maryland | 29.11 | 41 | 50 |
| 48 | New Jersey | 25.98 | 47 | 49 |
| 49 | New Hampshire | 25.50 | 51 | 27 |
| 50 | Connecticut | 22.81 | 49 | 46 |
| 51 | Massachusetts | 20.76 | 50 | 47 |
Note: *1 = Most at Risk
With the exception of “Total Score,” all of the columns in the table above depict the relative rank of that state, where a rank of 1 represents the worst conditions for that metric category.
- Highest
- 1. Alaska
- T-2. West Virginia
- T-2. Mississippi
- T-4. Nevada
- T-4. Louisiana
- T-4. New Mexico
- Lowest
- T-46. New Hampshire
- T-46. Nebraska
- T-48. Massachusetts
- T-48. Minnesota
- T-50. Vermont
- T-50. North Dakota
- Highest
- T-1. New Mexico
- T-1. Louisiana
- 3. Georgia
- 4. Oklahoma
- 5. Arizona
- Lowest
- T-47. Rhode Island
- T-47. Vermont
- 49. North Dakota
- 50. District of Columbia
- 51. Hawaii
- Highest
- 1. Alabama
- 2. Kentucky
- 3. Texas
- 4. Tennessee
- 5. Mississippi
- Lowest
- 47. New Hampshire
- 48. Nevada
- 49. Utah
- 50. Colorado
- 51. Massachusetts
- Highest
- 1. Vermont
- 2. Rhode Island
- 3. Maine
- 4. Oregon
- 5. Connecticut
- Lowest
- 47. North Dakota
- 48. Alabama
- 49. Utah
- 50. South Dakota
- 51. Texas
- Lowest
- 1. Mississippi
- 2. Alabama
- 3. Arkansas
- 4. New Mexico
- 5. Louisiana
- Highest
- 44. Wyoming
- 45. Nebraska
- 46. New Hampshire
- 47. Minnesota
- 48. North Dakota
- Highest
- 1. District of Columbia
- 2. West Virginia
- 3. Mississippi
- 4. Montana
- 5. Louisiana
- Lowest
- 47. Connecticut
- 48. Maryland
- 49. New Hampshire
- 50. Hawaii
- 51. New Jersey
- Highest
- T-1. Oregon
- T-1. District of Columbia
- T-1. California
- T-1. Washington
- T-1. Alaska
- Lowest
- 47. Alabama
- 48. Wisconsin
- 49. Virginia
- 50. Rhode Island
- 51. Mississippi
Share of Disconnected Youth Over Time
Ask the Experts
Idleness and social disconnection are among the biggest problems for at-risk youths today. For advice on overcoming these challenges, we asked a panel of experts to share their thoughts on the following key questions:
- What can state and local policymakers do to reduce the number of rural youth who are disconnected from school and work?
- What are the opportunities for historically minoritized youth in rural areas to engage in community activities?
- What tips/advice do you have for parents to support young people who want to stay in school and seek employment?
- What are the best ways for local authorities to encourage productivity for idle youth while maintaining safety during the current economic crisis?
Ask the Experts
MSW, LISW-S – Clinical Social Worker, Mental Health and Counseling Services and Part-time Faculty of Social Work – Kent State University
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Ph.D. – Director, Center for Youth Engagement; Professor of Special Education, College of Education – University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Wylma R. & James R. Curtin Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology – Catholic University of America
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BSW, MSW, Ph.D. – Associate Professor of Social Work; Coordinator, Pathway Distance Education & Advanced Standing Programs, College of Social & Behavioral Sciences – California State University San Bernardino
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Methodology
In order to determine where young Americans are most at risk of adverse outcomes in adulthood, WalletHub compared the 50 states and the District of Columbia across 16 key metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the highest level of youth risk.
Finally, we determined each state and the District’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its overall score and used the resulting scores to rank-order the states.
Education & Employment – Total Points: 60
- Share of Disconnected Youth: Double Weight (~10.91 Points)
Note: “Disconnected Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24 who are not attending school, not working and have no degree beyond a high school diploma. - Share of Youth with No High School Diploma: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24. - Share of NAEP-Proficient Students: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: “NAEP-Proficient Students” refers to those who performed at or above the 8th grade math and 8th grade reading proficiency levels of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessments. - Labor Force Participation Rate Among Youth: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 16 to 24. - Share of AFQT Testers Scoring At or Above 50: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: The AFQT (Armed Forces Qualification Test) scores are computed using the Standard Scores from four ASVAB subtests: Arithmetic Reasoning (AR), Mathematics Knowledge (MK), Paragraph Comprehension (PC) and Word Knowledge (WK). The scores are reported as percentiles between 1 and 99. An AFQT percentile score indicates the percentage of examinees in a reference group that scored at or below that particular score. High-quality accessions are high school graduates who score at or above the 50th percentile on the AFQT. The Army’s goal is for at least 60% of its recruits to score in this range. - Youth Poverty Rate: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24. - Rate of Teen Pregnancy: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
- Share of Homeless Youth: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24. - Presence of “State Tuition Waiver Programs” or Scholarship/Grant Programs for Youth in Foster Care: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
- Rate of Youth Detained, Incarcerated or Placed in Residential Facilities per 100,000: Full Weight (~5.45 Points)
Note: Persons under age 21 detained, incarcerated, or placed in residential facilities.
Health – Total Points: 40
- Share of Population Aged 12 and Older Fully Vaccinated: Triple Weight (~15.00 Points)
Note: This metric is calculated as follows: Total Number of People Fully Vaccinated / Population age 12 and older. - Share of Overweight & Obese Youth: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24. - Share of Youth Using Illicit Drugs in Past Month: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 25. - Share of Youth Reporting Heavy Drinking: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24. - Share of Youth with Depression: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24. - Share of Physically, Mentally & Emotionally Inhibited Youth: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Note: “Youth” refers to the population aged 18 to 24 who are limited in any activities due to physical, mental and emotional problems.
Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, The Nation’s Report Card, The Annie E. Casey Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Conference of State Legislatures, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, CNA, and the National Center for Juvenile Justice.
