CVV2 Code

What Is CVV2?

A CVV2 code is a 3-4 digit number printed on the back of credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards (or the front of Amex cards). You must provide this number for security purposes when making a purchase online or over the phone.

This prevents people from making so-called “card-not-present transactions” if they aren’t actually in possession of the card being charged. That’s why folks often refer to CVV2 numbers as “credit card security codes.” They help prevent unauthorized use of your account.

What Does CVV2 Stand For?

CVV2 stands for “Card Verification Value 2,” which makes sense given the role it plays in the payments landscape. This code helps payment processors confirm that the actual card owner is the one making a purchase, as opposed to a fraudster who purchased stolen account information online, for example.

Where Is the CVV2 Located?

Alternative Terms for CVV2

CVV1

If there’s a CVV2, there must be a CVV1, too, right? There is, but it’s actually “a number that is encoded in the magnetic stripe data itself,” according to Amy Zirkle, a senior program manager at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “The CVV1 data is transmitted automatically when the consumer swipes or dips their card.”

CVV

Confusing matters further, there’s also a plain old CVV to account for. CVV and CVV2 actually refer to the same thing: the security code printed on your credit card. The difference is that CVV2 technically describes the three-digit code on the back of Visa cards, in particular. Each major card network has its own terminology, as you can see below, and CVV is just a catch-all term for these specific credit card security codes.

CVC or CVC2

These terms stand for “Card Validation Code” and are primarily used by Mastercard to refer to the security code on your credit card.

CID

This stands for “Card Identification Number.” It’s commonly used by Discover and American Express to refer to the card’s security code.

Less Common Names

• CSC: Card Security Code
• CVN: Card Verification Number
• CVVC: Card Verification Value Code
• V-Code: Verification Code
• SPC: Signature Panel Code

CVV Codes by Card Network

Final Thoughts

Fortunately, most of us don’t need to know much about CVVs or CVV2s. For one thing, chip cards are improving the security of plastic. Perhaps even more importantly, we already benefit from some pretty good fraud liability protections. All credit cards give you a $0 fraud liability guarantee. And that extends to debit card purchases completed with a signature, rather than a PIN, too. PIN debit card transactions may also be covered, but it depends on the circumstances.

Ask the Experts: CVV2 vs. CVV & More

For a better understanding of what CVV2 codes do and how they differ from CVVs, we posed the following questions to a panel of payment processing and card security experts. You can check out their bios and responses below.

1. What is the difference between CVV and CVV2?
2. Why do chip cards need CVV/CVV2 numbers?
3. How effective are CVV/CVV2 codes at stopping fraud?