Greenest Cities in America

Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial WriterOct 5, 2022

Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial Writer
Oct 5, 2022

“Green” living means a choice to engage in cleaner, more sustainable habits in order to preserve the planet as much as possible. Around 53% of Americans think that protecting the environment should be prioritized above economic growth. The good news is that the market for renewable energy is growing.

Clean energy and other “green” practices, such as recycling programs and urban agriculture, help create jobs and benefit both the environment and public health, all of which contribute to America’s bottom line. Recognizing those advantages, cities across the U.S. have increased their sustainability efforts and benefited economically.

To determine the cities promoting an environmentally friendly lifestyle, WalletHub compared the 100 largest cities across 28 key “green” indicators. Our data set ranges from greenhouse-gas emissions per capita to number of smart-energy policies and initiatives to green job opportunities.

Table of Contents

Main Findings

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Green Cities in the U.S.

Overall Rank*	City	Total Score	Environment	Transportation	Energy Sources	Lifestyle & Policy
1	San Diego, CA	70.19	4	29	2	11
2	Portland, OR	69.04	24	12	13	1
3	Honolulu, HI	68.59	3	2	27	16
4	Fremont, CA	68.52	1	16	4	30
5	Washington, DC	67.83	9	8	16	12
6	Oakland, CA	67.69	22	13	3	9
7	Seattle, WA	67.13	47	11	12	2
8	San Francisco, CA	67.02	32	3	18	3
9	Irvine, CA	66.35	12	31	4	8
10	San Jose, CA	64.89	14	40	1	33
11	Minneapolis, MN	64.49	21	1	28	17
12	Sacramento, CA	63.48	64	15	14	7
13	Buffalo, NY	60.29	28	4	39	19
14	Denver, CO	60.14	74	10	21	10
15	Albuquerque, NM	59.96	10	64	22	31
16	Anaheim, CA	59.91	54	23	4	28
17	Madison, WI	59.32	5	7	57	29
18	Long Beach, CA	59.18	87	9	10	23
19	Riverside, CA	58.63	73	62	17	4
20	Bakersfield, CA	57.87	83	21	19	13
21	San Bernardino, CA	57.43	67	49	4	22
22	Chula Vista, CA	56.66	58	67	9	39
23	Austin, TX	56.54	31	37	36	27
24	Boston, MA	56.47	15	14	35	57
25	Fresno, CA	56.20	82	72	15	5
26	New York, NY	56.19	60	35	33	21
27	Stockton, CA	56.03	68	96	24	6
28	Orlando, FL	55.55	49	5	63	18
29	St. Paul, MN	55.52	26	47	25	60
30	Los Angeles, CA	55.42	84	87	11	20
31	Lincoln, NE	55.13	18	17	31	92
32	Baltimore, MD	54.21	34	38	62	14
33	Cincinnati, OH	54.10	19	24	87	15
34	Boise, ID	53.12	79	22	23	51
35	Reno, NV	52.92	51	42	37	43
36	Atlanta, GA	52.82	25	25	55	38
37	Pittsburgh, PA	52.73	16	18	72	36
38	Las Vegas, NV	52.73	88	32	20	45
39	Colorado Springs, CO	52.41	50	48	34	47
40	Philadelphia, PA	52.03	36	34	70	24
41	Anchorage, AK	51.68	57	41	50	32
42	Aurora, CO	51.29	72	27	26	63
43	Santa Ana, CA	51.27	95	56	4	34
44	San Antonio, TX	50.23	63	63	30	61
45	Laredo, TX	49.51	65	33	43	73
46	Omaha, NE	48.71	20	46	59	81
47	Kansas City, MO	48.62	46	30	68	54
48	El Paso, TX	48.36	38	60	54	83
49	Charlotte, NC	48.15	29	59	58	56
50	Tampa, FL	48.08	43	20	94	37
51	Milwaukee, WI	47.62	35	28	81	67
52	Birmingham, AL	47.58	6	50	92	50
53	Scottsdale, AZ	47.53	62	54	76	40
54	Irving, TX	47.52	61	52	43	72
55	Nashville, TN	47.39	17	68	61	86
56	Garland, TX	47.39	42	58	43	89
57	St. Louis, MO	47.25	40	88	66	41
58	New Orleans, LA	47.23	52	39	64	64
59	Wichita, KS	47.16	37	97	40	97
60	Lexington-Fayette, KY	47.11	8	73	91	95
61	Chicago, IL	46.97	78	51	56	26
62	Raleigh, NC	46.94	27	84	69	46
63	Indianapolis, IN	46.88	41	71	65	52
64	Toledo, OH	46.85	11	36	97	84
65	Tucson, AZ	46.69	80	19	73	42
66	Virginia Beach, VA	46.63	2	98	89	49
67	Durham, NC	46.23	53	78	60	79
68	Lubbock, TX	46.13	71	66	43	65
69	Jersey City, NJ	46.11	91	6	99	35
70	Cleveland, OH	46.11	33	43	86	62
71	Columbus, OH	45.98	39	44	82	74
72	Phoenix, AZ	45.78	85	86	38	48
73	North Las Vegas, NV	45.61	77	75	32	94
74	Tulsa, OK	45.36	92	45	29	100
75	Miami, FL	45.29	89	26	88	25
76	Fort Wayne, IN	45.28	45	77	90	93
77	St. Petersburg, FL	45.15	30	80	80	78
78	Jacksonville, FL	45.08	13	53	93	91
79	Memphis, TN	44.78	44	70	67	88
80	Plano, TX	44.72	70	99	43	55
80	Chesapeake, VA	44.72	7	95	95	85
82	Winston-Salem, NC	44.45	23	90	74	98
83	Henderson, NV	44.39	66	83	42	87
84	Louisville, KY	43.58	55	57	83	66
85	Dallas, TX	43.52	86	76	52	53
86	Norfolk, VA	43.49	48	85	95	75
87	Fort Worth, TX	43.18	75	82	53	69
88	Corpus Christi, TX	42.77	81	93	43	80
89	Detroit, MI	42.33	56	61	84	82
90	Arlington, TX	42.22	69	100	43	70
91	Oklahoma City, OK	41.94	93	65	41	90
92	Greensboro, NC	41.91	59	94	75	77
93	Houston, TX	38.66	97	91	51	59
94	Newark, NJ	38.42	94	69	85	58
95	Chandler, AZ	38.19	96	81	76	44
96	Hialeah, FL	37.38	76	89	98	99
97	Baton Rouge, LA	36.69	90	55	100	96
98	Mesa, AZ	35.54	98	74	71	71
99	Glendale, AZ	34.73	100	79	76	76
100	Gilbert, AZ	34.68	99	92	76	68

Note: *No. 1 = Greenest
With the exception of “Total Score,” all of the columns in the table above depict the relative rank of that city, where a rank of 1 represents the best conditions for that metric category.

Greenhouse-Gas Emissions per Capita

Lowest

Lowest
T-1. Virginia Beach, VA
T-1. Oakland, CA
T-1. Jersey City, NJ
T-1. Reno, NV
T-1. Hialeah, FL
T-1. San Bernardino, CA

Highest

Highest
T-96. Oklahoma City, OK
T-96. Tulsa, OK
T-96. Denver, CO
T-96. Baton Rouge, LA
T-96. Corpus Christi, TX

% of Green Space

Highest

Highest
T-1. Anchorage, AK
T-1. Fremont, CA
T-1. Irvine, CA
4. Albuquerque, NM
5. Chesapeake, VA

Lowest

Lowest
94. Mesa, AZ
95. Baton Rouge, LA
96. Lubbock, TX
97. Lexington-Fayette, KY
98. Hialeah, FL

% of Commuters Who Drive

Lowest

Lowest
1. New York, NY
2. Jersey City, NJ
3. San Francisco, CA
4. Washington, DC
5. Boston, MA

Highest

Highest
T-96. Bakersfield, CA
T-96. Fort Wayne, IN
98. Chesapeake, VA
99. Corpus Christi, TX
100. Wichita, KS

Bike Score

Highest

Highest
T-1. Portland, OR
T-1. Minneapolis, MN
T-3. Chicago, IL
T-3. San Francisco, CA
T-3. Denver, CO

Lowest

Lowest
96. Greensboro, NC
T-97. Charlotte, NC
T-97. Birmingham, AL
99. Nashville, TN
100. Winston-Salem, NC

Farmers Markets per Capita

Most

Most
1. Honolulu, HI
2. Miami, FL
3. San Francisco, CA
4. New York, NY
5. Orlando, FL

Fewest

Fewest
93. Irving, TX
94. North Las Vegas, NV
95. Newark, NJ
96. Lincoln, NE
97. Arlington, TX

Ask the Experts

Environmental sustainability is one of the biggest challenges of our time. For additional insight, we asked a panel of experts to share their advice on living a greener lifestyle. Click on the experts’ profiles below to read their bios and responses to the following key questions:

Should cities invest in “going green”? What are the benefits of doing so?
What types of “green” policies or investments offer the biggest bang for the buck?
How can state and local authorities attract renewable-energy companies and other “green” businesses?
What are some easy ways individuals can “go green” without much cost or effort?
In evaluating the greenest cities, what are the top five indicators?

Ask the Experts

Heather C. McCombs
MS, LEED AP, ID+C – Lecturer, UW Sustainable Management, College of Business – University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
Read More

Michael V. Russo
Charles H. Lundquist Professor of Sustainable Management; Editor-in-Chief, Organization & Environment, Lundquist College of Business – University of Oregon
Read More

Peter Bauer
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering – University of Notre Dame
Read More

James M. Van Nostrand
Charles M. Love, Jr. Endowed Professor; Director, Center for Energy & Sustainable Development – West Virginia University College of Law
Read More

Methodology

In order to determine the greenest cities in America, WalletHub compared the 100 most populated cities across four key dimensions: 1) Environment, 2) Transportation, 3) Energy Sources and 4) Lifestyle & Policy.

We evaluated those dimensions using 28 relevant metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the greenest practices and policies. For metrics marked with an asterisk (*), we used the square root of the population to calculate the population size in order to avoid overcompensating for minor differences across cities.

Although recycling is vital to the sustainability efforts of each city, the types and sizes of recycling facilities vary widely by city. We therefore were unable to include — due to the lack of comparable city-level data — metrics that either measure the availability of recycling programs or the amount of waste recycled in each city.

Finally, we determined each city’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its overall score and used the resulting scores to rank-order our sample. In determining our sample, we considered only the “city proper” in each case and excluded surrounding cities in the metro area.

Environment – Total Points: 40

Air-Quality Index: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Note: This metric measures the average exposure of the general public to particulate matter of 2.5 microns (PM2.5) or less in size.
Greenhouse-Gas Emissions per Capita: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Urban Heat Island Effect: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Note: This metric measures the intensity of the urban heat island effect for a given metropolitan area.
Green Space: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Note: This metric measures the share of parkland.
Water Quality: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Daily Water Consumption per Capita: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Share of Green Hotels: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Population Density (Proxy for Overpopulation): Full Weight (~4.44 Points)
Light Pollution Level: Full Weight (~4.44 Points)

Transportation – Total Points: 25

Share of Commuters Who Drive Alone: Double Weight (~4.55 Points)
Note: This metric includes commuters who do not carpool, walk, ride public transit or bike.
Average Commute Time by Car: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Walk Score: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Bike Score: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Miles of Bicycle Lanes: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Presence of Bike-Sharing Program: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Note: This binary metric measures the presence or absence of bike-sharing programs in a city.
Annual Excess Fuel Consumption: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Note: This metric measures gallons per auto commuter and was used as a proxy for “congestion level.”
Intersection Density: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Accessibility of Jobs by Public Transit: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)
Note: This metric measures the number of jobs that are accessible by a 30-minute transit ride per 100 civilian employed population.
Alternative-Fuel Stations per Capita: Full Weight (~2.27 Points)

Energy Sources – Total Points: 20

Share of Electricity from Renewable Sources: Double Weight (~10.00 Points)
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Installations per Capita: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Number of Smart-Energy Policies & Initiatives: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)

Lifestyle & Policy – Total Points: 15

Farmers Markets & CSA Programs per Capita*: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Note: “CSA” refers to community-supported agriculture.
Certified Organic Farms per Capita*: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Community Garden Plots per Capita*: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
“Green” Job Opportunities: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Number of Local Programs Promoting Green-Energy Use: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Presence of Plastic Bag Bans: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Note: This binary metric measures the presence or absence of policies that have banned the use of disposable plastic bags in a city.

Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency, Trust for Public Land, U.S. Department of Energy - The Alternative Fuels Data Center, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Environment America, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency, Walk Score, Alliance for Biking & Walking, Center for Neighborhood Technology, The Meddin Bike-Sharing World Map, Indeed, Climate Central, U.S. Geological Survey, TripAdvisor, USDA Organic INTEGRITY Database, American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance, lightpollutionmap.info and Yelp.

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