Most & Least Stressed Cities in America (2026)

Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial WriterJul 7, 2025

Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial Writer
Jul 7, 2025

Stress is inevitable. Everyone experiences some type and level of it normally, but the past few years have elevated Americans’ stress levels with record-high inflation and economic uncertainty. In fact, around 77% of Americans currently feel stressed about the future of our nation, and 73% feel stressed about the economy, according to a recent survey from the American Psychological Association.

Stress is not always a bad thing, though. Certain kinds of stress can have positive effects on a person’s well-being, at least in the right doses. According to Psychology Today, “A little bit of stress, known as ‘acute stress,’ can be exciting—it keeps us active and alert.” When stress reaches an unmanageable level, however, it turns “chronic.” That’s when we become vulnerable to its damaging effects such as health problems and loss of productivity. By one estimate, workplace-related stress alone costs society more than $300 billion per year.

To determine the cities where Americans cope best, WalletHub compared more than 180 cities across 39 key metrics. Our data set ranges from average weekly work hours to the unemployment rate to divorce and suicide rates.

“Some stress is out of our control, due to issues with family, friends or employers. However, where you live can play a big role in how stressed you are. Cities with high crime rates, weak economies, less effective public health and congested transportation systems naturally lead to elevated stress levels for residents. When moving, it’s important to consider how a certain city may impact your mental health – not just your financial opportunities.”

Chip Lupo, WalletHub Analyst

Table of Contents

Main Findings

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Most & Least Stressed Cities in America

Overall Rank*	City	Total Score	Work Stress Rank	Financial Stress Rank	Family Stress Rank	Health & Safety Stress Rank
1	Detroit, MI	61.82	14	3	2	4
2	Cleveland, OH	60.83	68	1	7	2
3	Baltimore, MD	58.28	3	2	13	38
4	Gulfport, MS	57.75	83	9	1	13
5	Memphis, TN	57.57	80	8	9	1
6	Shreveport, LA	54.80	74	4	48	5
7	Philadelphia, PA	54.21	6	19	31	32
8	Toledo, OH	54.15	35	18	14	19
9	Birmingham, AL	54.09	70	17	6	24
10	Jackson, MS	53.60	58	5	46	14
11	Akron, OH	53.32	69	15	18	21
12	Baton Rouge, LA	53.27	11	23	35	20
13	Montgomery, AL	52.79	64	11	45	16
14	St. Louis, MO	52.58	38	6	75	15
15	Wilmington, DE	52.28	19	22	12	72
16	Houston, TX	52.23	8	72	29	11
17	Indianapolis, IN	51.85	30	13	49	44
18	San Antonio, TX	51.84	66	33	20	8
19	Milwaukee, WI	51.41	36	49	11	33
20	New Orleans, LA	51.35	102	10	50	23
21	Cincinnati, OH	50.76	28	35	43	26
22	Newark, NJ	50.39	12	16	44	107
23	Mobile, AL	50.21	108	7	69	29
24	North Las Vegas, NV	49.65	157	31	3	57
25	Augusta, GA	49.62	85	29	65	12
26	Fayetteville, NC	49.60	130	20	24	36
27	Las Vegas, NV	49.58	67	40	21	45
28	Louisville, KY	49.35	16	30	85	51
29	San Bernardino, CA	48.96	170	28	8	58
30	Columbus, GA	48.91	140	12	57	42
31	Dallas, TX	48.43	26	90	47	27
32	Fort Smith, AR	48.37	165	42	68	3
33	Modesto, CA	48.21	100	86	4	71
34	Washington, DC	47.99	5	130	28	65
35	Chicago, IL	47.98	10	36	93	80
36	Corpus Christi, TX	47.97	135	80	38	7
37	Little Rock, AR	47.77	110	14	120	25
38	Brownsville, TX	47.66	175	43	17	31
39	New York, NY	47.54	2	53	87	119
39	Arlington, TX	47.54	34	98	36	30
41	Miami, FL	47.20	118	21	25	112
42	Tucson, AZ	47.19	133	66	23	40
43	Tacoma, WA	47.01	92	118	10	53
44	Spokane, WA	46.96	87	115	15	54
45	Jacksonville, FL	46.87	89	59	64	39
46	Hialeah, FL	46.84	101	26	19	143
47	Tulsa, OK	46.62	109	44	72	35
48	Moreno Valley, CA	46.48	144	37	5	121
49	Dover, DE	46.47	174	39	41	28
50	El Paso, TX	46.26	151	38	26	73
51	Huntington, WV	46.16	182	27	81	10
52	Fresno, CA	46.11	139	41	27	81
53	Rochester, NY	45.64	125	58	54	62
54	Norfolk, VA	45.55	90	32	77	83
55	Laredo, TX	45.52	150	34	51	86
56	Henderson, NV	45.33	18	68	76	115
57	Grand Prairie, TX	45.32	46	113	42	55
58	Columbus, OH	45.31	51	77	83	59
59	Los Angeles, CA	45.22	42	57	89	90
60	Oklahoma City, OK	45.22	93	61	105	34
61	Buffalo, NY	45.15	79	83	67	63
62	Glendale, AZ	45.14	84	56	66	84
63	Bakersfield, CA	45.14	156	46	52	66
64	Newport News, VA	45.05	94	52	61	94
65	Chattanooga, TN	45.02	129	73	113	9
66	Richmond, VA	44.96	50	54	88	100
67	Knoxville, TN	44.90	152	78	90	17
68	Lubbock, TX	44.88	160	25	102	49
69	Springfield, MO	44.87	105	63	124	18
70	Kansas City, MO	44.86	60	75	137	22
71	Fort Worth, TX	44.82	112	133	34	37
72	Salem, OR	44.78	149	103	39	43
73	Ontario, CA	44.41	162	55	22	122
74	Vancouver, WA	44.36	72	111	33	95
75	Atlanta, GA	44.34	23	84	125	64
76	New Haven, CT	44.31	39	48	115	99
77	Oxnard, CA	44.27	95	108	30	111
78	Stockton, CA	44.24	119	69	53	105
79	Denver, CO	44.22	7	131	145	46
80	Tampa, FL	44.12	49	105	70	87
81	Port St. Lucie, FL	44.03	73	65	99	74
82	Fort Wayne, IN	43.95	122	62	79	68
83	Garland, TX	43.94	91	124	37	70
84	Winston-Salem, NC	43.85	124	91	32	110
85	Sacramento, CA	43.82	154	73	40	85
86	Phoenix, AZ	43.79	120	88	71	61
87	Bridgeport, CT	43.69	47	45	86	146
88	Portland, OR	43.59	20	136	92	89
89	Charleston, WV	43.57	147	156	82	6
90	Nashville, TN	43.48	13	107	157	50
91	Cape Coral, FL	43.35	33	51	112	129
92	Amarillo, TX	43.07	145	93	80	48
93	West Valley City, UT	42.83	177	99	16	77
94	Greensboro, NC	42.81	158	70	62	101
95	Riverside, CA	42.71	172	50	59	113
96	Lewiston, ME	42.67	107	97	103	56
97	Orlando, FL	42.57	138	94	56	97
98	Columbia, SC	42.41	169	24	127	78
99	Fort Lauderdale, FL	42.32	55	60	116	126
100	Reno, NV	42.00	141	112	74	76
101	Oakland, CA	41.98	22	144	73	134
102	Long Beach, CA	41.96	96	64	91	138
103	Glendale, CA	41.83	17	71	128	149
104	Colorado Springs, CO	41.76	104	146	55	116
105	Aurora, CO	41.71	56	87	117	103
106	Salt Lake City, UT	41.47	103	96	94	114
107	Fontana, CA	41.43	168	79	57	132
108	Charlotte, NC	41.30	25	148	107	130
109	Tallahassee, FL	41.27	180	76	63	92
110	Des Moines, IA	41.13	86	100	121	91
111	Rancho Cucamonga, CA	41.01	61	92	98	141
112	Lexington-Fayette, KY	41.00	40	85	155	96
113	Pembroke Pines, FL	40.78	27	102	108	155
114	Wichita, KS	40.72	123	81	150	60
115	St. Petersburg, FL	40.68	63	132	129	79
116	Mesa, AZ	40.55	106	109	104	109
117	Irving, TX	40.46	115	150	78	82
118	Boston, MA	40.32	24	139	132	137
119	Pittsburgh, PA	39.97	116	82	138	118
120	Albuquerque, NM	39.68	132	101	123	102
121	Worcester, MA	39.54	155	145	60	139
122	Santa Rosa, CA	39.52	75	126	100	154
123	Peoria, AZ	39.48	78	95	139	124
124	Tempe, AZ	39.43	173	117	106	69
125	Huntsville, AL	39.23	171	116	97	108
126	Austin, TX	39.11	31	157	134	125
127	Chesapeake, VA	39.02	62	121	136	128
128	Santa Clarita, CA	39.01	32	67	148	169
129	Pearl City, HI	38.98	1	149	153	160
130	Honolulu, HI	38.85	41	110	135	164
131	Oceanside, CA	38.70	126	128	118	127
132	Las Cruces, NM	38.69	178	47	154	88
133	Santa Ana, CA	38.64	163	106	96	140
134	Chula Vista, CA	38.47	77	127	95	171
135	Anaheim, CA	38.46	97	104	108	161
136	Casper, WY	38.21	113	154	158	47
137	Aurora, IL	38.00	57	147	122	152
138	Seattle, WA	37.98	37	175	84	153
139	Scottsdale, AZ	37.78	4	153	156	156
140	Grand Rapids, MI	37.68	117	143	149	106
141	San Francisco, CA	37.54	9	172	143	174
142	Providence, RI	37.53	159	89	133	144
143	Virginia Beach, VA	37.40	99	134	141	147
144	Anchorage, AK	37.26	59	176	114	117
145	Cheyenne, WY	36.87	65	123	167	98
146	Chandler, AZ	36.52	131	142	130	148
147	Garden Grove, CA	36.50	146	129	101	175
148	Raleigh, NC	36.50	45	173	111	176
149	Durham, NC	36.47	114	169	110	150
150	Yonkers, NY	36.42	53	120	152	168
151	St. Paul, MN	36.41	111	151	142	133
152	Cedar Rapids, IA	36.26	127	137	151	142
153	Columbia, MD	36.15	15	165	126	178
154	San Diego, CA	36.13	143	141	119	170
155	Minneapolis, MN	35.92	142	160	159	92
156	Plano, TX	35.82	48	170	131	158
157	Warwick, RI	35.80	29	155	169	120
158	Juneau, AK	35.30	82	178	147	67
159	Billings, MT	35.27	153	162	168	41
160	Huntington Beach, CA	35.12	44	163	144	173
161	Nampa, ID	34.71	179	125	164	104
162	Gilbert, AZ	34.49	167	122	160	151
163	Manchester, NH	34.47	137	166	162	123
164	Omaha, NE	34.18	81	114	172	157
165	Rapid City, SD	33.76	121	171	177	52
166	Madison, WI	33.72	136	168	146	167
167	Jersey City, NJ	33.69	54	135	161	179
168	Missoula, MT	33.06	181	119	173	75
169	Portland, ME	32.47	128	152	166	163
170	Nashua, NH	32.19	76	177	165	145
171	Charleston, SC	32.08	98	158	179	135
172	San Jose, CA	31.90	71	180	140	180
173	Boise, ID	31.29	148	174	170	131
174	Overland Park, KS	31.16	52	164	174	177
175	Lincoln, NE	30.49	166	138	178	165
176	Bismarck, ND	29.92	43	179	180	136
177	Fargo, ND	29.80	161	161	175	162
178	Burlington, VT	29.73	176	140	176	166
179	Irvine, CA	29.04	164	167	163	181
180	Sioux Falls, SD	28.93	134	159	181	159
181	Fremont, CA	27.88	21	181	171	182
182	South Burlington, VT	26.75	88	182	182	172

Notes: *No. 1=Most Stressed
With the exception of “Total Score,” all of the columns in the table above depict the relative rank of that city, where a rank of 1 represents the worst conditions for that metric category.

Avg. Weekly Work Hours

Most

Most
T-1. Scottsdale, AZ
T-1. Cheyenne, WY
3. Dallas, TX
4. Anchorage, AK
5. Washington, DC

Fewest

Fewest
T-177. Buffalo, NY
T-177. Bridgeport, CT
179. New Haven, CT
180. Tallahassee, FL
181. Huntington, WV
182. Burlington, VT

Job Security

Lowest

Lowest
1. Scottsdale, AZ
2. Rancho Cucamonga, CA
3. San Francisco, CA
4. Glendale, CA
5. Baton Rouge, LA

Highest

Highest
176. Jersey City, NJ
177. Worcester, MA
178. North Las Vegas, NV
179. San Bernardino, CA
180. Nampa, ID

Median Credit Score

Lowest

Lowest
1. San Antonio, TX
2. Detroit, MI
3. Newark, NJ
4. Memphis, TN
5. Jackson, MS

Highest

Highest
177. Overland Park, KS
178. Seattle, WA
179. Scottsdale, AZ
180. Fremont, CA
181. Fort Worth, TX

Poverty Rate

Highest

Highest
1. Detroit, MI
2. Cleveland, OH
T-3. Buffalo, NY
T-3. Huntington, WV
5. Jackson, MS

Lowest

Lowest
T-175. Nashua, NH
T-175. Warwick, RI
179. Pearl City, HI
T-180. Fremont, CA
T-180. Gilbert, AZ
182. Overland Park, KS

Affordable Housing

Least

Least
1. New York, NY
T-2. Los Angeles, CA
T-2. Glendale, CA
4. Miami, FL
5. Long Beach, CA

Most

Most
178. Des Moines, IA
179. Wichita, KS
180. Bismarck, ND
181. Akron, OH
182. Cedar Rapids, IA

Divorce Rate

Highest

Highest
1. Cleveland, OH
2. Detroit, MI
3. Birmingham, AL
4. Rochester, NY
5. Wilmington, DE

Lowest

Lowest
178. San Jose, CA
179. Gilbert, AZ
180. Pearl City, HI
181. Irvine, CA
182. Fremont, CA

% of Adults in Fair/Poor Health

Highest

Highest
T-1. San Antonio, TX
T-1. Louisville, KY
T-1. Shreveport, LA
T-1. Brownsville, TX
5. Irving, TX

Lowest

Lowest
T-177. St. Paul, MN
T-177. Bridgeport, CT
179. Portland, ME
180. Jersey City, NJ
181. Sioux Falls, SD
182. Cheyenne, WY

Crime Rate

Highest

Highest
T-1. Memphis, TN
T-1. Oakland, CA
3. St. Louis, MO
4. Little Rock, AR
5. Tacoma, WA

Lowest

Lowest
175. Warwick, RI
176. Nashua, NH
177. Gilbert, AZ
178. Port St. Lucie, FL
179. Huntsville, AL

Avg. Hours of Sleep per Night

Fewest

Fewest
1. Detroit, MI
2. Honolulu, HI
3. Pearl City, HI
4. Newark, NJ
5. Cleveland, OH

Most

Most
178. Denver, CO
179. Portland, OR
180. Missoula, MT
181. Burlington, VT
182. South Burlington, VT

In-Depth Look at the Most Stressed Cities

Detroit, MI

Detroit has the most stressed residents in the country. One contributing factor is the fact that the city has the highest unemployment rate in America, at 11.4%. It also has the lowest median household income after adjusting for the cost of living, at slightly over $38,000.

In addition, Detroit has the highest poverty rate in the country, at 31.5%. Residents also have a very low median credit score, at 624, which is in the bad credit range.

Many Detroit residents also have stress in their family structures – the city has the second-highest separation and divorce rate and share of single-parent households. People in Detroit are physically active at low rates, too, and the city has the sixth-highest obesity rate.

Safety is another big stressor, with Detroit having one of the highest violent crime rates in the country.

Cleveland, OH

Cleveland is the second-most stressed city in the U.S., due in part to the fact that it has one of the lowest median household incomes in the country after adjusting for the cost of living, at under $43,000. Low wages contribute to Cleveland also having the fourth-highest share of households that fell behind on bills in the last 12 months, the second-highest foreclosure rate, and the second-highest poverty rate.

It’s not just financial issues that stress out Cleveland residents, though. The city also has the highest separation and divorce rate in the country, at over 41%, along with the 19th-highest percentage of single-parent households.

Cleveland is also stressful when it comes to health and safety. Over 22% of adults have 14 or more mentally unhealthy days per month, and 45% of adults sleep less than seven hours per night. On top of that, Cleveland has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country.

Baltimore, MD

Baltimore is the third-most stressed city. One reason is that it’s very expensive to rent in the city, with the average annual rent for a two-bedroom apartment at nearly 40% of the median household income, the third-highest in the country. In addition, many people who buy rather than rent have trouble keeping up with their mortgage payments, as the city has the seventh-highest share of seriously underwater mortgages.

Crime contributes a lot to stress in Baltimore, too. It has one of the highest violent crime rates in the U.S., along with the sixth-most mass shootings between March 2020 and March 2025.

To top things off, Baltimore has a few other miscellaneous factors that create stress. The city has the ninth-highest separation and divorce rate, the 10th-highest traffic congestion rate and the 18th-highest food insecurity rate.

Ask the Experts

Stress can be harmful to various aspects of our lives, including our jobs, finances and relationships. To help Americans find effective ways to manage their stress, we turned to a panel of health experts for advice. Click on the experts’ profiles to read their bios and thoughts on the following key questions:

How can employers reduce work-related stress?
What tips do you have for a person who finds managing finances to be stressful?
What tips do you have for a person who wants to relax on a budget?
What are, in your opinion, the top financial stressors in 2025?
What are the main causes of family stress, and how can they be addressed both at family level and state policy level?

Ask the Experts

Rachel Wu
Ph.D. – Associate Professor, Psychology Department - University of California – Riverside
Read More

Matthew J. Grawitch
Ph.D. – Director, Strategic Research, School for Professional Studies, Saint Louis University
Read More

Michael Peterson
Ed.D. – Professor and Director, Social Marketing and Health Communication Lab, HBS Internship Director, Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition - University of Delaware
Read More

Joanne H. Gavin
Ph.D. – Professor of Management, School of Management - Marist University
Read More

Suzie Duff
Ph.D., LMHC – Professor III & Department Co-Chair of Human Services, Human Services | Palm Beach State College
Read More

Alisia (Giac-Thao) Tran
Associate Professor, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, College of Integrative Sciences and Arts - Arizona State University
Read More

More Experts

Methodology

In order to determine the most and least stressed cities in America, WalletHub compared 182 cities — including the 150 most populated U.S. cities, plus at least two of the most populated cities in each state — across four key dimensions: 1) Work Stress, 2) Financial Stress, 3) Family Stress, and 4) Health & Safety Stress. Our sample considers only the city proper in each case and excludes cities in the surrounding metro area.

We evaluated the four dimensions using 39 relevant metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the highest levels of stress. Data for metrics marked with an asterisk (*) were available at the state level only.

Finally, we determined each city’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its overall score and used the resulting scores to rank-order our sample.

Work Stress – Total Points: 25

Average Weekly Work Hours: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Job Security: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Traffic Congestion: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Note: This metric measures the annual hours spent in congestion per auto commuter.
Unemployment Rate: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Underemployment Rate: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Share of Households where No Adults Work: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Average Commute Time (in Minutes): Half Weight (~1.47 Points)
Income Growth: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Note: “Growth” compares income levels in 2023 versus in 2022.
Job Satisfaction Ranking: Full Weight (~2.94 Points)
Note: This metric is based on Indeed Job Happiness Index.

Financial Stress – Total Points: 25

Median Annual Household Income: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Note: This metric was adjusted for the cost of living.
Share of Households Behind on Bills in Past 12 Months: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Foreclosure Rate: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Personal-Bankruptcy Rate: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Median Debt per Median Earnings: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Median Credit Score: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Poverty Rate: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Food Insecurity: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Note: Food Insecurity is the percentage of the population who did not have access to a reliable source of food during the past year.
Housing Affordability: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Note: This metric was calculated as follows: Housing Costs (accounts for both rental and sale prices) / Median Annual Household Income.
Share of Seriously Underwater Mortgages: Full Weight (~2.50 Points)
Note: This metric measures the proportion of seriously underwater mortgages, where the combined estimated balance of loans secured by those properties was at least 25 percent more than their estimated market value.

Family Stress – Total Points: 25

Separation & Divorce Rate: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Share of Single Parent Households: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Median Duration of Current Marriage: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Availability of Childcare Workers per Total Number of Children: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Child Care Cost: Full Weight (~5.00 Points)
Note: Monthly Cost of Preschool (or Kindergarten), Full Day, Private for 1 Child (proxy for child care cost).

Health & Safety Stress – Total Points: 25

Share of Adults in Fair or Poor Health: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Share of Adults Who Could Not See a Doctor Because of Cost: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Share of Adults Diagnosed with Depression: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Mental Health: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Suicide Rate: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Share of Insured Population: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Share of Adult Binge Drinkers: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Note: This metric measures the percentage of adults consuming four or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion.
Share of Adult Smokers: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Physical-Activity Rate: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Share of Obese Residents: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Share of Adults with Inadequate Sleep: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Note: This metric measures the percentage of adults sleeping fewer than seven hours per night.
Community Well-Being Index: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Note: This metric is based on Sharecare’s Community Well-Being Index Score, which is a measure that evaluates health risk across 10 domains, five domains to represent well-being tied to individuals and five domains to contextualize the social determinants of health that define environment and surroundings.
Crime Rate: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Hate-Crime Incidents per Capita: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)
Number of Mass Shootings: Full Weight (~1.67 Points)

Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected as of April 28, 2025 from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, INRIX, Chmura Economics & Analytics, Indeed, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, County Health Ranking, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, TransUnion, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Council for Community and Economic Research, Numbeo, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Federal Bureau of Investigation, ATTOM, a property data provider - U.S. Home Equity and Underwater Report, ATTOM, a property data provider - U.S. Foreclosure Market Report, Sharecare Community Well-Being Index, and Gun Violence Archive.

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